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Roman general and supporter of the various Roman factions
in Egypt
Ahenobarbus aided Marc ANTONY in his effort to become
master of the Roman world. The son of a prominent family
that wielded much influence in the Roman Senate, he
bore the name Ahenobarbus, or “red beard,” because of
the traditional tale that a distant ancestor had his beard
turned that color by the gods Castor and Pollux. He was
also noted as the grandfather of the future emperor Nero.
Originally Ahenobarbus backed Brutus and the Liberators
who had assassinated Julius CAESAR, calling for
the continuation of the Roman Republic. Following the
defeat of the Republicans after Caesar’s assassination in
44 B.C.E., Ahenobarbus fled Rome and was forced to survive
by working as a pirate in the Mediterranean. In 40
B.C.E., he was reconciled with Marc Antony (who had
declared himself against the Liberators), serving him as
the governor of Anatolia (modern Turkey) until 35 B.C.E.
He was a consul of Rome when Marc Antony and OCTAVIAN,
the future Augustus and first emperor of Rome,
proved unable to remain political allies. Ahenobarbus
went with Antony to ALEXANDRIA, Egypt, but soon found
CLEOPATRA VII (51–30 B.C.E.), Antony’s famed lover, to be
an evil influence. He charged that she was opposed to traditional
Roman values and, when Antony declined to
heed his counsel, Ahenobarbus deserted Antony’s cause
just before the Battle of ACTIUM in 31 B.C.E. He died soon
after, supposedly of remorse, but probably from a terminal
illness. His foul temper was legendary.